Name

• Ubuntu Install Nm-tool
• Nm-tool
• Nm Tool Xcode
• Nm Toolkit

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nm - list symbols from object files

The nm command ships with a number of later versions of Unix and similar operating systems including Plan 9. Nm is used to examine binary files (including libraries, compiled object modules, shared-object files, and standalone executables) and to display the contents of those files, or meta information stored in them, specifically the symbol table. New production Tool Steel Trigger and Hammer Pins for the M1 / M14. Made on a screw machine for a smooth surface finish. Diameters are made to the upper limit of Mil-Spec dimensions for tightest fit. Trigger pin Mil-Spec is 0.099″ +0/-0.003”, these are right at 0.099″. Hammer pin Mil-Spec is 0.187″ +0/-0.002”, these are right at 0.187″.

Synopsis

nm [-a|--debug-syms] [-g|--extern-only][--pluginname] [-B] [-C|--demangle[=style]][-D|--dynamic] [-S|--print-size] [-s|--print-armap][-A|-o|--print-file-name][--special-syms] [-n|-v|--numeric-sort] [-p|--no-sort][-r|--reverse-sort] [--size-sort] [-u|--undefined-only] [-tradix|--radix=radix][-P|--portability] [--target=bfdname] [-fformat|--format=format] [--defined-only][-l|--line-numbers] [--no-demangle] [-V|--version] [-X 32_64] [--help] [objfile..]

Description

GNUnm lists the symbols from object files objfile.. If no object files are listed as arguments, nm assumes the filea.out.

For each symbol, nm shows:

• The symbol value, in the radix selected by options (see below), or hexadecimal by default.

• The symbol type. At least the following types are used; others are, as well, depending on the object file format. If lowercase, the symbol is local; ifuppercase, the symbol is global (external).

'A'

The symbol's value is absolute, and will not be changed by further linking.

'B'

'b'

The symbol is in the uninitialized data section (known as BSS ).

'C'

The symbol is common. Common symbols are uninitialized data. When linking, multiple common symbols may appear with the same name. If the symbol is definedanywhere, the common symbols are treated as undefined references.

'D'

'd'

The symbol is in the initialized data section.

'G'

'g'

The symbol is in an initialized data section for small objects. Some object file formats permit more efficient access to small data objects, such as aglobal int variable as opposed to a large global array.

'i'

For PE format files this indicates that the symbol is in a section specific to the implementation of DLLs. For ELF formatfiles this indicates that the symbol is an indirect function. This is a GNU extension to the standard set of ELF symbol types. Itindicates a symbol which if referenced by a relocation does not evaluate to its address, but instead must be invoked at runtime. The runtime execution willthen return the value to be used in the relocation.

'N'

The symbol is a debugging symbol.

'p'

The symbols is in a stack unwind section.

'R'

'r'

The symbol is in a read only data section.

'S'

's'

The symbol is in an uninitialized data section for small objects.

'T'

't'

The symbol is in the text (code) section.

'U'

The symbol is undefined.

Ubuntu Install Nm-tool

'u'

The symbol is a unique global symbol. This is a GNU extension to the standard set of ELF symbol bindings. For such a symbolthe dynamic linker will make sure that in the entire process there is just one symbol with this name and type in use.

'V'

'v'

The symbol is a weak object. When a weak defined symbol is linked with a normal defined symbol, the normal defined symbol is used with no error. When a weakundefined symbol is linked and the symbol is not defined, the value of the weak symbol becomes zero with no error. On some systems, uppercase indicates that adefault value has been specified.

'W'

'w'

The symbol is a weak symbol that has not been specifically tagged as a weak object symbol. When a weak defined symbol is linked with a normal definedsymbol, the normal defined symbol is used with no error. When a weak undefined symbol is linked and the symbol is not defined, the value of the symbol isdetermined in a system-specific manner without error. On some systems, uppercase indicates that a default value has been specified.

'-'

The symbol is a stabs symbol in an a.out object file. In this case, the next values printed are the stabs other field, the stabs desc field, and the stabtype. Stabs symbols are used to hold debugging information.

'?'

The symbol type is unknown, or object file format specific.

• The symbol name.

Options

The long and short forms of options, shown here as alternatives, are equivalent.

-A

-o

--print-file-name

Precede each symbol by the name of the input file (or archive member) in which it was found, rather than identifying the input file once only, before all ofits symbols.

-a

--debug-syms

Display all symbols, even debugger-only symbols; normally these are not listed.

-B

The same as --format=bsd (for compatibility with the MIPSnm).

-C Download old version of garageband for mac.

--demangle[=style]

Decode (demangle) low-level symbol names into user-level names. Besides removing any initial underscore prepended by the system, this makes C++ function names readable. Different compilers have different mangling styles. The optional demangling style argument can be used to choose anappropriate demangling style for your compiler.

--no-demangle

Do not demangle low-level symbol names. This is the default.

-D

--dynamic

Display the dynamic symbols rather than the normal symbols. This is only meaningful for dynamic objects, such as certain types of shared libraries.

-fformat

--format=format

Use the output format format, which can be 'bsd', 'sysv', or 'posix'. The default is 'bsd'. Only the firstcharacter of format is significant; it can be either upper or lower case.

-g

--extern-only

Display only external symbols.

--pluginname

Load the plugin called name to add support for extra target types. This option is only available if the toolchain has been built with plugin supportenabled.

-l

--line-numbers

For each symbol, use debugging information to try to find a filename and line number. For a defined symbol, look for the line number of the address of thesymbol. For an undefined symbol, look for the line number of a relocation entry which refers to the symbol. If line number information can be found, print itafter the other symbol information.

-n

-v

--numeric-sort

Sort symbols numerically by their addresses, rather than alphabetically by their names.

-p

--no-sort

Do not bother to sort the symbols in any order; print them in the order encountered.

-P

--portability

Use the POSIX .2 standard output format instead of the default format. Equivalent to -f posix.

-S

--print-size

Print both value and size of defined symbols for the 'bsd' output style. This option has no effect for object formats that do not record symbolsizes, unless --size-sort is also used in which case a calculated size is displayed.

-s

--print-armap

When listing symbols from archive members, include the index: a mapping (stored in the archive by ar or ranlib) of which modules containdefinitions for which names.

-r

--reverse-sort

Reverse the order of the sort (whether numeric or alphabetic); let the last come first.

--size-sort

Sort symbols by size. The size is computed as the difference between the value of the symbol and the value of the symbol with the next higher value. If the'bsd' output format is used the size of the symbol is printed, rather than the value, and -S must be used in order both size and value to beprinted.

--special-syms

Display symbols which have a target-specific special meaning. These symbols are usually used by the target for some special processing and are not normallyhelpful when included included in the normal symbol lists. For example for ARM targets this option would skip the mapping symbols used to marktransitions between ARM code, THUMB code and data.

-tradix

--radix=radix

Use radix as the radix for printing the symbol values. It must be d for decimal, o for octal, or x for hexadecimal.

--target=bfdname

Specify an object code format other than your system's default format.

-u

--undefined-only

Display only undefined symbols (those external to each object file).

--defined-only

Display only defined symbols for each object file.

-V

--version

Show the version number of nm and exit.

-X

This option is ignored for compatibility with the AIX version of nm. It takes one parameter which must be the string 32_64. Thedefault mode of AIXnm corresponds to -X 32, which is not supported by GNUnm.

--help

Show a summary of the options to nm and exit.

@file

Read command-line options from file. The options read are inserted in place of the original @file option. If file does not exist, orcannot be read, then the option will be treated literally, and not removed.

Options in file are separated by whitespace. A whitespace character may be included in an option by surrounding the entire option in either single ordouble quotes. Any character (including a backslash) may be included by prefixing the character to be included with a backslash. The file may itselfcontain additional @file options; any such options will be processed recursively.

See Also

ar(1), objdump(1), ranlib(1), and the Info entries for binutils.

Copyright

Copyright © 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009 Free Software Foundation,Inc.

Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.3 orany later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, with no Front-Cover Texts, and with no Back-Cover Texts. A copy of thelicense is included in the section entitled ' GNU Free Documentation License'.

Referenced By

dstat(1),i686-pc-mingw32-ld(1),ld(1),llvm-nm(1),pstack(1),rpmelfsym(1),strings(1),xtensa-linux-gnu-ar(1),xtensa-linux-gnu-ld(1),xtensa-linux-gnu-objdump(1),xtensa-linux-gnu-ranlib(1),xtensa-linux-gnu-strings(1)

nm

Original author(s)	Dennis Ritchie, Ken Thompson (AT&T Bell Laboratories)
Developer(s)	Various open-source and commercial developers
Initial release	November 3, 1971; 49 years ago
Operating system	Unix, Unix-like, Plan 9
Platform	Cross-platform
Type	Command

Nm-tool

The nm command ships with a number of later versions of Unix and similaroperating systems including Plan 9. nm is used to examine binary files (including libraries, compiled object modules, shared-object files, and standalone executables) and to display the contents of those files, or meta information stored in them, specifically the symbol table. The output from nm distinguishes between various symbol types. For example, it differentiates between a function that is supplied by an object module and a function that is required by it. nm is used as an aid for debugging, to help resolve problems arising from name conflicts and C++name mangling, and to validate other parts of the toolchain.

The GNU Project ships an implementation of nm Warblade 2 download full version. as part of the GNU Binutils package.

nm output sample[edit]

If the previous code is compiled with the gcc C compiler, the output of the nm command is the following:

When the C++ compiler is used, the output differs:

The differences between the outputs also show an example of solving the name mangling problem by using extern 'C' in C++ code.

See also[edit]

External links[edit]

Nm Tool Xcode

The Wikibook Guide to Unix has a page on the topic of: Commands

• nm: write the name list of an object file – Commands & Utilities Reference, The Single UNIX Specification, Issue 7 from The Open Group
• nm(1) – Plan 9 Programmer's Manual, Volume 1

Nm Toolkit